Context.startForegroundService()がService.startForeground()を呼び出さない。

からのテストは  Androidのサービス解説  と Androidサービス起動 - startForegroundService  android 8.0では、バックグラウンドサービスの起動が禁止されていることが分かっています。そこで、startForegroundService()でフォアグラウンドサービスを開始することを提案します。ただし、サービスとともにService.startForeground()を呼び出さないと、ANRが発生したり、クラッシュしたりします。

ANRのログはこのようになります。

11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: ANR in com.shift.phonemanager.permission.accesslog
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: PID: 1369
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: Reason: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: Load: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: CPU usage from 7945ms to 0ms ago (2007-11-06 02:01:51.418 to 2007-11-06 02:01:59.363):
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 60% 3877/system_server: 35% user + 25% kernel / faults: 3744 minor 6 major
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 25% 1042/com.android.launcher3: 20% user + 4.9% kernel / faults: 11190 minor 9 major
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 18% 1149/android.process.media: 13% user + 5.3% kernel / faults: 6130 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 15% 1420/adbd: 3.6% user + 11% kernel / faults: 5074 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 9.7% 255/logd: 2.7% user + 6.9% kernel / faults: 5 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616 3877 3893 E ActivityManager: 9.2% 3814/surfaceflinger: 4.4% user + 4.8% kernel / faults: 658 minor

クラッシュログはこのようになります。

--------- beginning of crash
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.shift.phonemanager.permission.accesslog, PID: 3106
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: android.app.RemoteServiceException: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service. startForeground()
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1771)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6518)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
11-06 02:06:05.307 3106 3106 E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)
11-06 02:06:05.320 3118 3118 D ExtensionsFactory: No custom extensions.

例

    private void showNotification() {
        // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
        CharSequence text = getText(R.string.local_service_started);

        // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
        PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
                new Intent(this, LocalServiceActivities.Controller.class), 0);

        // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
        Notification notification = new Notification.
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.stat_sample) // the status icon
                .setTicker(text) // the status text
                .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()) // the time stamp
                .setContentTitle(getText(R.string.local_service_label)) // the label of the entry
                .setContentText(text) // the contents of the entry
                .setContentIntent(contentIntent) // the intent to send when the entry is clicked
                .build();

        // Send the notification.
        mNM.notify(NOTIFICATION, notification);
    }

例

    private void setForegroundNotification() {
        NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        String channelId = "access_log_channel";
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId, "channel_1",
                NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);

        nm.createNotificationChannel(channel);

        Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(this).setChannelId(channelId)
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.permission_access_log_title))
                .build();
        startForeground(1, notification);
    }

参考

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/background

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Service